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Theme

Every episode covering Theme.


"To me, one of my most important things when writing to have a vague idea of what my theme is, is I know what doesn’t belong in the story."

— Chas Fisher  |  DZ-83: A Very Thematic Stand-up Special!

Start here

DZ-41: Theme and Worldview

How can your characters' worldview dramatise your theme?
AIThe episode tackles theme as an esoteric craft problem by examining how television pilots make thematic material more explicit than film, using HOUSE OF CARDS, CRAZY EX-GIRLFRIEND, TRUE DETECTIVE, FARGO, and TRANSPARENT as case studies.
⏱ 2h 32m
24 MAR 2017
Listen if theme feels abstract - we talk how how to make it visible through what characters believe.
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In this episode, Stu and Chas tackle one of the more esoteric topics in screenwriting (and writing in general): theme! To help us tackle this topic, we decided to look at television pilots, because we felt that television requires the theme to be more explicit. Our zig-zagging (and long) discussion covers thematic engines, music themes, thematic loglines, punishment vs reward, and - perhaps most of all - the worldview of characters…



DZ-72: Theme & The Story Synopsis - Development Tools 2

How can I develop my theme without writing script pages?
AIStephen Cleary and the hosts use concrete development tools to help writers understand how theme operates in their story before writing pages.
⏱ 1h 0m
28 SEP 2020
Listen tolearn concrete tools for developing theme in the early stages of your writing.
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Continuing our look at tools used in development, Chas & Stu are joined by Stephen Cleary to talk about Theme, The Thematic Logline and what Stephen calls The Story Synopsis. All are tools to help writers better understand their theme and how it is dramatised. We use the classic film WITNESS as an example, so spoilers abound…



KEY IDEAS

Theme and Ending as Starting Points

"I don't even bother doing any work on a story until I know how it ends and what theme I'm exploring, whatever theme means to me. So, I need to know those things just from like, you know, doing the dishes or in Mel's case, is going on a run or something like that. I need to have that in my head as inspiration before I even start doing other work."

— Chas Fisher (00:40:15) · DZ-106: How do you know if you have enough story?

Beyond the Logline: Story, Theme, and Vibe

"what is the story about but a log line is so much more concise like when i say what is the story about i want to talk about themes i want to talk about character. I want to talk about story. I want to talk about vibe."

— Mel Killingsworth (00:18:32) · DZ-106: How do you know if you have enough story?

Ethos Logos Pathos

"Ethos, logos, and pathos is what I think about. So ethos being who you are in relation to the audience. Why should they listen to you? What's your position? Logos is the structure, and that's the joke structure. Are the jokes funny? Do they work as jokes? Does the story make sense? Does the story follow? Does it, if it is non-linear, are all the pieces in place? Do they come back in a satisfying way? Does the logos work? And then pathos, why do I care? And that's, you know, that can be sad or it can be, it doesn't need to be sad, but it is incredibly important. You know, if this math professor is telling you math problems that all make sense, I don't give a shit. Are these math problems relevant to my life? Maybe I give a shit."

— Alice Fraser (00:33:11) · DZ-83: A Very Thematic Stand-up Special!

Theme as Ethos Logos Pathos

"The big thing I've taken away from this, and it's come from you, Alice, is ethos, logos, and pathos. I think they're all forms of theme. The way that screenwriters think about theme is actually all those things intermingled, right? You've got Logos, which is the overall structure, can be what the theme is about. And even though we didn't talk directly to Inside, the structure of Inside, the way it's structured, is what it is about, more than the ending itself."

— Stu Willis (02:04:45) · DZ-83: A Very Thematic Stand-up Special!

Plot as Meaning

"If you say my life makes sense, then what you're saying is the actions that I take have meaning. And if you say my life makes no sense, then what you're saying is the actions in my life are of no consequence. So in some way, plot at the beginning of a story like that is where the character kind of thinks that they are part of something -- society and a group of relationships, and they can make sense of themselves. Plot is important or has a value. And if they go through their journey and they begin to realize that actually no one cares for them, that society has no interest in them, that there is no way that they're going to fit into this world and there is no place for them -- by the end of that story you only have character. There's no plot. It doesn't matter what Johnny does. Nobody cares."

— Stephen Cleary (00:56:18) · DZ-43: Driving Sequences - Character and Plot Intensity



Even More

DZ-114: Climaxes in CHALLENGERS

How does ending your story on the climax affect audience experience?
AIChas and Mel trace how the decision to cut at the climax--and what gets shown versus what gets written--directly impacts the perceived theme of the film and what the story ultimately says.
⏱ 1h 17m
29 NOV 2024
Listen to understand how withholding resolution can make your story great!
More Info
While Stu is on show, Mel and Chas sit down to analyse the meaning behind the ending of 2024’s CHALLENGERS, especially when - upon reading the script - the most impactful moment of the ending on screen (for Chas in particular) is not written on the page…


DZ-113: Tools For Filmmakers To Talk To The Audience

What tools help ensure that you as the filmmaker are not misunderstood?
AIThese tools ultimately give filmmakers more control in conveying their theme by creating scenes where characters debate what the story is really about, collapsing the distance between narrative and authorial argument.
⏱ 2h 3m
22 SEP 2024
Listen if you want to explore how you can make your creative hand visible through meta-storytelling and structural choices!?!
More Info
In our final (ha!) episode looking at Talking Directly to the Audience, we turn away from character-and-text based craft tools to look at other ways that filmmakers - whether they be directors, writers, editors, or anyone else - can make the audience feel their ‘hand’ more. To that end, Mel, Stu and Chas dive into ADAPTATION, STORIES WE TELL and THE FORTY-YEAR-OLD VERSION…


DZ-106: How do you know if you have enough story?

How do you know if you have enough narrative fuel to write a script?
AIBoth Chas and Mel stress that knowing your theme before you start any formal development work is essential -- Chas won’t even begin plotting until he knows how it ends and what he’s exploring thematically.
⏱ 1h 36m
31 DEC 2023
Listen you're not sure whether your idea has enough fuel for 90 pages.
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In this episode, Chas, Stu and Mel attempt to answer a listener question: “In your own pre-writing process, how do you know you have enough for a feature? And do you have a specific pre-writing method you’re going to?”

DZ-87: Keeping Genre Fresh

How do you deliver on the emotional contract of a genre while surprising the audience?
AIEach of the films discussed uses thematic depth to transcend genre formula, with Kodie, Stu, and Chas identifying how theme becomes the engine that makes genre storytelling feel necessary rather than obligatory.
⏱ 2h 13m
28 MAR 2022
Listen when you're writing within a genre but terrified you'll deliver something your audience has already seen.
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In tackling this enormous topic, Stu and Chads enlist professional TV writer and director Kodie Bedford, someone who has somehow managed to defy genre pigeon-holing by writing mystery, comedy and vampire shows…


DZ-83: A Very Thematic Stand-up Special!

What can screenwriters learn from the storytelling techniques used by stand-up comedians?
AIAlice Fraser’s Masters in Narrative Rhetoric grounds the discussion in how stand-ups construct thematic power through the rhetorical triangle--logos, ethos, and pathos--making thematic resonance the backbone of what makes a comedy set emotionally gripping.
⏱ 2h 31m
8 SEP 2021
Listen if you want to understand how stand-up comedians grip audiences and build emotional arcs (and what narrative tools screenwriters can borrow from comedy)!
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Standup comedians can keep audiences gripped to their every word for over an hour, and often bring them to emotional climaxes by the end. So how do they do it and what tools can apply to scripted narratives…


DZ-54: Thematic Sequences

How does removing character and plot question force your audience to engage with theme?
AIChas, Stu, and Stephen examine how the deeper underlying meaning of a story can be revealed through structural choices--specifically by limiting what else competes for the audience’s interpretive energy.
⏱ 2h 49m
10 OCT 2018
Listen if you want to make theme your primary driver (for a sequence)
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Chas and Stu are joined, once again, by the inestimable Stephen Cleary. This episode is a spiritual sequel to our last episode with Stephen, the one on sequence structure. That episode explored how sequences could be broken into plot, character, and plot/character sequences…


DZ-52: Antagonists! 4 - vs Systems

How do systems pressure your characters to change?
AIBy anchoring all character choices to their relationship with the system itself, the episode shows how thematically strong stories emerge when protagonist agency is measured against worldview and societal pressure.
⏱ 2h 16m
28 JUN 2018
Listen if you want to use how societal, governmental, or environmental forces as villains.
More Info
This is Part Four (!!) of our Five Part Epic Exploration into antagonists forces and sources of conflict. In this episode we explore “system/world/society” antagonists. While stereotypically associated with science-fiction, these sources of conflict are found across genres…


DZ-48: One-Shot - Blade Runner 2049 - Agency vs Choice

Can your characters be given choices and yet still be deprived of agency?
AISince the film is thematically about choice itself, the hosts examine how Blade Runner 2049 dramatises its central theme through the mechanical difference between choice and agency.
⏱ 1h 53m
28 FEB 2018
Listen to discover how characters can be dramatised through binary choices (and understand the difference between choice and agency).
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To kick off 2018, Chas and Stu take a deep dive into one of their favourite movies of 2017: Blade Runner 2049. However, they abstained from “Fox News-ing this shit” by being joined by the most accomplished screenwriter they know, C.S. McMullen (Blood List 2017, Black List 2017, also a lover of Blade Runner 2049)…


DZ-45: Arguments of the Scene

How can you dramatise your theme on a scene level?
AIStu and Chas directly examine how thematic concerns can be dramatised within individual scenes, using films with particularly strong and consistent themes as case studies.
⏱ 2h 21m
27 OCT 2017
Listen to discover how a character's worldview becomes the engine of conflict inside a single scene.
More Info
As part of their ongoing exploration of scene-work, Stu and Chas apply their earlier thinking on theme and character worldview to individual scenes. Can examining a scene from a thematic perspective impact the drama, conflict or stakes of the scene? How does your character’s conscious and subconscious world views dramatise the overall theme of the work? How can an individual scene reflect the larger themes of the overall story? Do any of these questions or approaches lead to writing better scenes…


DZ-42: One-Shot - Character Worldview & Macro POV in SPLT

What screenwriting lessons can be we learn from SPLIT?
AISPLIT offers a very clear example of how a film’s worldview and the rules of its world work together to create a coherent thematic statement.
⏱ 1h 52m
26 APR 2017
Listen when you're writing a twist and need to earn it through point-of-view rather than surprise alone.
More Info
In our first (and perhaps last) one-shot, we take a close look at the M. Night Shyamalan’s SPLIT. Rather than having one topic with many examples, we use the one example to look at many topics. Well, okay, a few topics…


DZ-33: Protagonist vs Hero - Dawn of Character Function

How does splitting 'character functions' enhance theme?
AIThe entire episode frames character function splitting as a thematic tool--choosing which character does what serves the story’s central meaning, as demonstrated across MAD MAX: FURY ROAD, STAR TREK, THE FIGHTER, and SICARIO.
⏱ 1h 58m
15 JUL 2016
Listen to see how splitting character functions across your cast sharpens what your story actually means.
More Info
We are often told that our ‘protagonist’ needs to be a active. That they need to be compelling. That they need to change. And - old faithful - that they need to be likeable. But after looking at MAD MAX: FURY ROAD, STAR TREK (2009), THE FIGHTER, and SICARIO, Chas and Stu learn that your primary character does not need to do all these things. In fact, they learn that splitting these functions between your primary characters can reinforce theme and create potential for different types of narratives…


DZ-24: Forging story rules in TV pilots

Are your story rules in your pilot strong enough to play out over the life of your show?
AIChas and Stu identify how the thematic DNA of each show--corruption in THE SHIELD, systemic failure in THE WIRE, transformation in BREAKING BAD--gets encoded in the pilot’s dramatic rules and paid out over seasons.
⏱ 2h 5m
4 AUG 2015
Listen if you wanna know great television pilots establish the dramatic, literary, and cinematic rules that sustain their entire run.
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Stu and Chas move away from the world of features and dive into the Pilot Episodes of some (New) Golden Age Television: THE SHIELD, THE WIRE, BREAKING BAD, and MAD MEN. And we sneak in some discussion about ANGEL, THE SOPRANOS and GAME OF THRONES…



DZ-21: Scene Transitions and the Hook

How can scene transitions do more than just move from one location to another?
AIBy analyzing SCOTT PILGRIM, HIGHLANDER, AMERICAN SPLENDOR, and BOYHOOD, the hosts show how transitions actively enhance thematic connections between scenes rather than simply bridging them.
⏱ 1h 40m
7 MAY 2015
Listen to understand how transitions compress time, enhance thematic connections, unify story threads, and orient your reader
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Stu and Chas look at one of the basic building blocks of a script: scene transitions. Transitions don’t just move you from one scene to another in a slick way, they can help you compress time, enhance thematic connections, unify different story threads, orient (or disorient) your reader... and just make your script feel more like a movie…



DZ-119: Final Character Choices & Great Endings

How do you dramatise a protagonist's internal journey through their final decision?
AIBoth Michael Clayton and Promising Young Woman withhold the complete experience of the final choice to speak more toward theme, with Chas and Stu arguing that theme questions are character questions dramatized in the ending.
⏱ 1h 52m
18 JUN 2025
Listen if you want to understand how to better dramatise a character's internal journey
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In this episode, Stu and Chas focus solely on the final choices made by protagonists and how that reflects their character journey and successfully, or not, dramatises the internal…


DZ-98: Ensembles 3 - Character Function & Theme

What effect does adding a ton of characters have on your story?
AIThe discussion contextualizes how adding multiple storylines and characters ultimately serves a film’s thematic purpose, showing the relationship between ensemble size and thematic expression.
⏱ 2h 2m
31 MAR 2023
Listen if you're writing an ensemble storiy and want to understand how different characters serve different narrative and thematic functions!
More Info
In Part 3 (the final part? Ha!) of our exploration into ensemble stories, Stu, Chas & Mel examine films whose genres do not conventionally require a ton of characters or that use those ensembles in unconventional ways. In particular, adding whole storylines that are separate from the main character’s story. To that end, we dive into three films that were horrifically snubbed by the Oscars: THE WOMAN KING, RIDERS OF JUSTICE and NOPE…


DZ-91: Raising (different kinds of) Stakes

How can you keep your audience hooked when they know the end of the story?
AIMel distinguishes philosophical or moral stakes from plot-driven ones, surfacing how thematic stakes can be the primary engine in narratives with known endings.
⏱ 2h 19m
31 AUG 2022
Listen listen if you're writing a biopic or any story where the audience already knows how it ends.
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Chas, Stu and Mel take a deep dive into stakes, using then lens of biopics to help us think about them. If an audience already knows the “plot” outcome of a story, then how do you create stakes to make a story tense for the audience…


DZ-89: Opening Sequences

How does your opening sequence set up your audience?
AIJessica Ellis and the hosts explore how thematic material can be baked into an opening sequence as a foundational choice rather than stated outright.
⏱ 1h 48m
31 MAY 2022
Listen if you want to understand how great opening sequences establish character, genre, and theme while defying genre conventions
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Inspired by her tweet on how subversive an opening OCEAN’S ELEVEN has, Chas and Stu invited amazing writer/director Jessica Ellis onto the show to deep dive into opening sequences. How does a good opening setup character, genre, and theme…


DZ-88: Drama in Genre clothing

How can dramas use genre elements to hook their audiences?
AIKodie Bedford and the hosts identify how thematic intent--what each film is actually about beneath its genre skin--shapes the gradual pivot away from genre obligations.
⏱ 2h 6m
30 APR 2022
Listen if you're writing a genre film but sense your story wants to become something else entirely.
More Info
Stu and Chas reunite with TV writer & director Kodie Bedford to look at how some films start out as genre but gradually become character dramas. Or, as Stu never said on the episode “Genre in the streets, Drama in the sheets”.


DZ-51: Antagonists! 3 - vs Nature

What changes in your story if your antagonistic forces can't be bargained with?
AIChas highlights how nature antagonists can mirror the protagonist and reinforce theme, using the antagonistic force itself as a thematic statement rather than merely an obstacle to overcome.
⏱ 1h 52m
31 MAY 2018
Listen to understand why pressure--not obstacles--is what transforms a protagonist when they face an unstoppable force.
More Info
In this Part Three of our Five Part Epic Exploration™ into antagonistic forces (and sources of conflict), Chas & Stu explore “nature” antagonists, including some supernatural ones. What became clear in doing the homework (and recording this episode twice) was that the antagonistic forces - whether natural or supernatural - presented different narrative challenges to the protagonists if (a) they did not seem to make choices and (b) could not be bargained with or defeated…


DZ-47: Backmatter - A Lost Jedi, White Knighting, and Writers-On-Set

Will Director Stu allow Writer Chas on his set?
AIChas and Stu connect character behavior to thematic meaning, showing how what characters do crystallizes what a story is actually about.
⏱ 2h 21m
11 JAN 2018
Listen to understand how consequences (not intentions) impact whether an audience roots for or against your protagonist.
More Info
Following our annual wrap up in 2017, we’ve decided to once again explore what craft issues/lessons we can garner from the latest Stars, namely Episode VIII: The Last Jedi, focusing on how consequences of character actions can do a lot of heavy lifting as to how the audience perceives that character (as well as looking at worldview and overall story structure)…


DZ-7: On Rewriting - How much Bull is left in the Hustle?

What can be gleamed from the substantial rewrite of a famed spec?
AIThe substantial rewrite from BULLSHIT to HUSTLE involved thematic shifts that Stu and Chas trace through both scripts and the final film.
⏱ 55m
25 MAY 2014
Listen to learn how impactful rewriting can be.
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Stu and Chas look at AMERICAN BULLSHIT (the 2010 Black List spec script by Eric Warren Singer) and the film it became… AMERICAN HUSTLE (co-written and directed by David O’Russell), which garnered 10 Oscar nominations in 2014…


DZ-126: Secrets and Clues

How can Secrets and Clues motivate characters?
AIChas uses theme as philosophical argument--not fists but hugs, wolves versus sheep--and the hosts track how these ideas repeat throughout to explore the interplay between charisma and faith in community.
⏱ 1h 28m
30 APR 2026
Listen if you want to understand how hidden information drives character motivation and plot structure!
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“Getting information puts your character in danger. And danger rewards your character with information." — One of three ideas we steal from game design in this episode. In this two part series, we talk about how secrets, clues and hidden information motivate characters and may (or may not) help you plot from a character perspective. Part One (this episode) looks at WAKE UP DEAD MAN; while Part Two looks at SIDE EFFECTS, and the pilot episode of SHRINKING…


DZ-120: Subtext is Overrated!

How do character goals, tactics, and fears create subtext automatically?
AIThe Substance sequence discussion shows how escalating choices and denials hammer home a thematic point about aging, desire, and self-acceptance without requiring dialogue to state it explicitly.
⏱ 1h 54m
1 AUG 2025
Listen if you're struggling to write subtext without it feeling forced!
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Or, how focusing on good drama will result in good subtext. We often hear how subtext is important for good screenwriting. We’re here to tell you it isn’t. Good subtext is a result of good drama, and your focus should be on creating that good drama. But how…


DZ-36: Backmatter - Time Risk and Fixing Movies

How can writers wisely invest their time in projects?
AIStu and Chas discuss how to approach exploring tone and theme as potential future episode topics, signaling that thematic work deserves dedicated craft attention.
⏱ 1h 7m
30 OCT 2016
Listen if you're juggling multiple projects and can't figure out which one deserves your attention right now.
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In this “special”, backmatter-only episode, Stu & Chas take inspiration from Terry Rossio’s excellent article on TIME RISK and ice skate over a range of topics. We talk about time investment in projects, Stuart’s project Restoration, doing you down work first, managing feedback, thinking positive being a negative, and we open the listener mail bag for critiques, praise and suggestions. We also explore how we could do Draft Zero episodes exploring tone and theme…


DZ-22: Romantic Comedy, Actually

How can studying RomCom clichés teach us to subvert them?
AIChas and Alli identify the thematic through-lines in films like Notting Hill and Friends with Benefits that elevate romcoms beyond simple plot mechanics into stories about connection and vulnerability.
⏱ 1h 40m
11 JUN 2015
Listen if you're writing a romcom and want to understand what makes this gentre tick.
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With Stu busy working on Hollywood blockbusters, Chas is joined by Alli Parker (script department on Aussie TV series and former co-ordinator of European #scriptchat) to unpick successful romcoms to see if they can illuminate a path for writers working in this struggling genre. Cheap to produce and potentially highly lucrative, Chas and Alli look at RomCom’s conventions to see what it may take to reinvigorate this genre…