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DRAFT ZERO

DZ-121: Escalating Antagonism in SINNERS

How do the antagonistic forces in your story escalate distinctly from the protagonists' journey?

29 AUG 2025

Show Notes

We often struggle to develop the middle stages of a story. Could this be because we focus on our protagonists’ journeys and plot structure more than on how the antagonistic powers are awakened, wronged, discovered, gathering strength and revealing themselves?

In this episode, Chas and Stu are joined by professional screenwriter and playwright Kim Ho to explore how a generative story cycle (from tabletop role-playing game MOTHERSHIP) can be used to develop stories, not just write them better. This cycle is TOMBS: Transgression – Omens – Manifestation – Banishment – Slumber. Kim also contrasts this cycle with the Onset, Discovery, Confirmation, Confrontation cycle identified by horror philosopher Noel Carroll, as well as the philosophy of the FINAL DESTINATION franchise as analysed by The Morbid Zoo.

By applying the TOMBS cycle to Ryan Coogler’s amazing 2025 original feature SINNERS, we discover how focusing on the rising power of the various sources of antagonism can generate narrative fuel (and make your second Act sing); force your protagonists to Survive, Solve or Save (pick one); and how this escalation in antagonism can be mapped quite separately from your protagonists’ character arcs.

To prove that TOMBS does not just work for horror stories, we polled our patreons for which other genres to explore. Stay turned for the next episode (DZ-122) where we apply the TOMBS cycle to thriller REBEL RIDGE and comedy classic MEET THE PARENTS.

"When we talk about these acts or stages that there isn’t always a neat kind of delineation between them."

Kim Ho  |  DZ-121: Escalating Antagonism in SINNERS

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Thanks to our Patrons, especially Lily, Paulo, Alexandre, Malay, Jennifer, Thomas, Randy, Jesse, Sandra, Theis and Khrob.

As always: SPOILERS ABOUND and all copyright material used under fair use for educational purposes.


Resources

Chapters

  • 00:00:00 – Cold open
  • 00:00:18 – What is T.O.M.B.S?
  • 00:06:31 – › How TOMBS shifts focus to antagonistic forces
  • 00:15:22 – › Reading the five stages of the TOMBS cycle
  • 00:24:12 – › Transgression as thematic and social boundary violation
  • 00:31:04 – SINNERS
  • 00:36:01 – › Delayed horror manifestation and the TOMBS framework
  • 00:45:31 – › Mapping transgression and omens across dual antagonists
  • 00:57:48 – › Confirmation, confrontation, and the stages of horror
  • 01:08:09 – › Survive, solve, save as competing character objectives
  • 01:17:51 – Key Learnings & Wrap Up
  • 01:23:51 – Thank you patreons!

Scripts


KEY IDEAS

TOMBS As Generative Development Tool

"I think by us learning about this paradigm, it will help us in that development stage of stories. [...] we can actually look at the forces of antagonism in a story."

— Chas Fisher (00:01:21) · Tombs Cycle · Antagonism

Lingering Character Transformation Beyond Survival

"One of my favorite parts of the cycle part of terms is the lingering effects on the characters. Even if they managed to survive. Maybe they've also solved some part of the mystery. They're still left, you know, devastated with these scars uh or left permanently altered [...] the final girl laughing on the truck at the end of Texas Chainsaw Massacre it's like she survived but at what cost."

— Kim Ho (00:23:24) · Development · Character Agency

Beyond Protagonist: Examining Antagonistic Forces

"when you use those structures that are out there, they tend to be around plot and they tend to think primarily from the protagonist's point of view. And using this system, we can actually look at the forces of antagonism in a story."

— Chas Fisher (00:06:31) · Antagonism · Character Agency

Transgression as the Story Catalyst

"The transgression is the act that awakens the slumber and that leads into the omen."

— Stu Willis (00:08:29) · Escalation · Character Agency

Survive, Solve, Save: Understanding Stakes

"Survive. Solve. Save. We're really talking about stakes, right?."

— Stu Willis (00:18:15) · Stakes · Character Motivation

Surive. Solve. Save.

"Yo want them to have something to survive. Something to solve. And then someone to save."

— Stu Willis (00:17:30) · Character Motivation · Stakes


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We are @stuwillis, @mehlsbells and @chasffisher on Twitter. You can find @draft_zero and @_shotzero on Instagram and Twitter.